Kalibr Cruise Missile (3M-14)

The 3M-14 Kalibr is Russia's primary long-range cruise missile, launched from surface ships and submarines in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. With a range up to 2,500 km and precision guidance, Kalibr became Russia's weapon of choice for strategic strikes on Ukrainian cities and energy infrastructure.

Strategic strikes against infrastructure, cities, military sites Russia depleted its Kalibr stockpile significantly during 2022–2023. Production constraints slowed replenishment. Ukraine has successfully intercepted many Kalibr missiles using Patriot, SAMP/T, and S-300 systems. The sinking of multiple Black Sea Fleet warships in 2022–2024 has also reduced Russian launch capacity.

Russian Navy (Black Sea Fleet, Caspian Flotilla). First documented use in Ukraine: 2022-02-24.

Very long range — can be launched from beyond air threat range Extremely precise strike capability Can be launched from diverse platforms (ships, submarines) Low radar cross-section during flight

Subsonic for most of flight — interceptable by advanced SAMs Expensive and complex to manufacture Dependent on Black Sea Fleet access — being degraded by Ukraine

The Kalibr Cruise Missile (3M-14) has a range of Up to 2,500 km. Russia launched over 1,000 Kalibr missiles at Ukraine from the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. The Ukrainian Neptune missile strike that sank the Russian cruiser Moskva in April 2022 was a direct response to the Black Sea Fleet's Kalibr threat.